Phonemic Awareness: the ability to hear and manipulate sounds in spoken words 

Alphabetic Principle: the ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to form words 

Fluency with Text: the effortless, automatic ability to read words in connected text 

Vocabulary: the ability to understand (receptive) and use (expressive) words to acquire and convey meaning 

Comprehension: the complex cognitive process involving the intentional interaction between reader and text to convey meaning